This title aims to build on Alan Norrie's previous work in the philosophy of punishment and criminal law to develop a challenging and critique of Kantian justice thinking. It seeks to cast a bold light on punishment and the criminal law in a period when traditional thinking has undergone opposition, crisis and change. The retributive and ""orthodox subjectivist"" approaches, which have driven the textbook tradition and law reform for 40 years, have been doubly challenged. A ""revisionist"" critique opposes their Kantian insistence on formal individual autonomy from both a communitarian position on punishment and a ""morally substantive"" view of responsibility. A ""postmodern"" critique opposes orthodoxy for its failure to see how the Kantian subject is constructed in relations of power and domination.