Group hatred, disregard for the collective aspirations of religious, ethnic or cultural minorities, genocide, ethnic cleansing, apartheid, and anti-Semitism have been at the roots of the greatest tragedies of our time and are a source of internal and international conflict. This work studies this wide range of problems from the perspective of modern human rights law, with special emphasis on racism and religious intolerance. Also dealt with are measures adopted, or to be taken, for the protection of specific groups, including indigenous populations and migrant workers, as well as the present situation regarding the conventions against genocide, discrimination in education and labour, and the steps and declarations for the strengthening of group identity and their advancement. Special areas such as slavery, affirmative action, and modern models to preserve the collective personality are also discussed, including protective penal measures.
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