The Understanding the Many Faces of Human Security: Perspectives of Northern Indigenous Peoples addresses different aspects of human security challenges threatening Northern indigenous peoples. These peoples, conducting unique, nature-based livelihoods for maintaining their identity, face difficulties linked to a changing natural and social environment. Their traditional worldviews are challenged as the world they had known for generations is literally melting away. The North experiences numerous pressures linked to rapid modernization, industrialization, demographic pressure and cultural changes. The threats are presented from various angles, such as indigenous security understanding, governance, sustainability, livelihood practices, mining, nature-based resources and land use management, gender and the elderly. The focus groups of the book are the Ainu, Inuit, Nenets, Sámi and the Mongolian indigenous herders.