Recent years have witnessed an intensification in the debate at the European level regarding the regulation of gambling. This publication, following a conference hosted in Leuven in November 2009, tracks these developments following two parallels: in terms of European and national developments, and legal and political ones. Attention is directed to the ever expanding case-law and Opinions of the Advocates General of the Court of Justice in Luxembourg and how debate at the European level is influencing national regulatory regimes in terms of online and offline gambling. Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom receive particularly detailed attention.