This open access book explores how developments in marine biodiversity and other resources challenge the foundations of the law of the sea and its domestic implementation. It does this by examining different perspectives and case studies. Case studies include an examination of bioprospecting in the Arctic and emergence of Digital Sequence Information (DSI). This allows it to engage with questions of interpretation, established management principles, and institutional relationships. Not limiting their scope to international law, the contributors also examine international environmental law, intellectual property rights, and contract law. The team of experts broaden the scholarly debate on marine genetic resources and provide a timely reflection on ongoing policy developments. It will be welcomed by lawyers, NGOs and policymakers.