The principle of effective judicial protection ('PEJP') is specifically provided for in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Article 47. But how effective is the provision and the protection it affords? This ambitious, innovative project examines that question over two volumes. In the second volume an expert team explores how the national courts have interpreted the PEJP, as expressed in particular by Article 47. It takes a comparative overview of the case law to assess the level of convergence (or divergence) of the national courts' approaches. The questionnaire methodology allows for an accurate charting of national courts application of Article 47, and for any divergence and ensuing problems to be identified. Given the wider application of Article 47, the collection will be of interest to EU constitutional scholars, comparative lawyers, as well as civil servants at both the national and EU level.