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The US Criminal Justice System: A Reference Handbook

Sarah Koon-Magnin, Ryan J. Williams

ISBN13: 9781440879623

Published: September 2024

Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic

Country of Publication: UK

Format: Hardback

Price: £55.00

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9798216172451

£49.50

This wide-ranging resource provides an authoritative overview of the criminal justice system in America, including its history, legal and philosophical foundations, dimensions of racial and economic inequality, and insights into daily life inside America's complex court and correctional systems.

Explore the origins and evolution of America's criminal justice system, the moral values and legal doctrines that shaped the nation's laws and prisons, and current problems, controversies, and reforms related to criminal justice. Profiles of leading figures in the field of criminal justice and social activism, related primary documents, suggestions for further reading and a detailed chronology are also included.

Subjects:: Other Jurisdictions , USA

Contents:: Preface; Chapter 1: Background and History; Introduction; Criminal Law in the United States; The United States Criminal Justice System; Funnel of Criminal Justice; Goals of the Criminal Justice System; Weighing Individual Rights vs. Public Order/Security; Crime Data; Policing in the United States; State and Local Law Enforcement; Federal Law Enforcement Agencies; Law Enforcement Collaboration; Law Enforcement and the Law; Warrants; Detention, Arrest, and Miranda; Courts in the United States; Jurisdiction and Organization of U.S. Courts; Federal Court Jurisdiction, Structure, and Organization; State Courts Jurisdiction, Structure, and Organization; State Judicial Selection; The Attorneys: Prosecutors and Public Defenders; Pre-Trial Activities; The Trial Process; Sentencing; Corrections in the United States; The Development of Corrections; Early Prison Reform Efforts; Correctional Facilities; Correctional Officers; Juvenile Justice System; Conclusion; Chapter 2: Problems, Controversies, and Solutions; Introduction; Current Issues in Policing; Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice Outcomes; Police Accountability; Body-Worn Cameras; Forensic Science; Current Issues in the Criminal Courts; Pretrial Issues, Bail Reform, and Grand Jury Reform; Money/Cash Bail; Grand Juries; Prosecutorial Discretion and Plea Bargaining; Indigent Defense/Public Defenders' Offices; Politics and the Judiciary; Current Issues in Corrections; Private Prisons; Solitary Confinement; Reentry Issues, including Felon Disenfranchisement; Restorative Justice; Issues in the Treatment of Crime Victims; Sexual Assault Kit Initiative; Trauma-Informed Care; Sources; Chapter 3: Perspectives; Two Measures of Crime in the United States by Rachel E. Morgan; Racial Bias and the Dual Purpose of Traffic Stops by Alexander Love; Case Clearance by Scott M. Walfield and Cassidy Fitz-Randolph; Inside a Drug Court by Joyce Morrissette; Advocacy by Laury Rowland; Chapter 4: Profiles; Historical Development; August Vollmer; George Kelling; Zebulon Brockway and the Elmira Reformatory; Edwin Sutherland; Moments of Significant Change; The Warren Court and the Due Process Revolution; Crime Victims Rights Movement; Angela Davis and Ruth Wilson Gilmore; Bryan Stevenson and the Equal Justice Initiative (EJI); Department of Homeland Security; Organizations Related to the Criminal Justice System; National Center for Missing and Exploited Children; The Innocence Project.; Death Penalty Innocence Project; Sentencing-Related Organizations; Sources; Chapter 5: Data and Documents; Data; Areas in the Criminal Justice System in which Discretion is Exercised; Rate of Property Crime from 1985 to 2020; Rate of Violent Crime from 1985 to 2020; Total Number of Incarcerated persons 1978 through 2019; State and Local Expenditures on Criminal Justice Per Capita, 2021; Reasons Respondents Chose to Report Violent Victimization to Police; Reasons Respondents Chose to Report Property Victimization to Police; Reasons Respondents Chose Not to Report Violent Victimization to Police; Reasons Respondents Chose Not to Report Property Victimization to Police; Recidivism Rates Following Release from Prison; Treatment Courts in the United States; Felon Disenfranchisement Laws by State; Public Defender Crisis in the United States; Documents; The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; The USA PATRIOT Act; First Step Act of 2018; Mapp v. Ohio; Gideon v. Wainwright; Miranda v. Arizona; Excerpt from the Interview Protocol for the NCVS; Chapter 6: Resources; Chapter 7: Chronology; Glossary; About the Authors; Index