This volume is based on a workshop held at the European University Institute, Florence, November 1999. The papers have since been revised and updated and focus on the growing impact of European law on the core elements of member states' administrative law, and especially on their different conception of procedure. The first article confirms the American experience that autonomy of procedural rationality is not easy to picture, and that implimenting a similar procedure in Europe will face difficulty. The other articles look at the procedures that exist in different member states and how a change in procedure could possibly undermine national law and procedure, without replacing it with anything substantial.