1. Introduction; 2. Climate change policy: a survey; 3. Uncertainty and climate change policy; THE SOCIAL COST OF CARBON; 4. The social cost of carbon; 5. Climate change policy; 6. Climate change costs; TRADABLE PERMITS AND CARBON TAXES; 7. The tradable permits approach to protecting the commons; 8. Carbon trading in the policy mix; 9. Fiscal interactions and the case for carbon taxes over grandfathered carbon permits; INTERVENTIONS AND COMMAND AND CONTROL; 10. Renewables, technical progress and innovation; 11. Energy efficiency: the evidence; KYOTO AND AFTER; 12. Will Kyoto work?; 13. Alternatives to Kyoto; 14. After Kyoto: what to do next; INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN; 15. Credible carbon taxes; 16. The IPCC: its role and influence; 17. Whither climate-change policy?; 18. Integrated assessment models