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Company Directors: Duties, Liabilities and Remedies

Edited by: Mark Arnold KC, Simon Mortimore KC
Price: £275.00

Lord Denning: Life, Law and Legacy



  


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Making Environmental Laws Work

William WilsonEnglish Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions

ISBN13: 9781901362794
ISBN: 1901362795
Published: January 1999
Publisher: Hart Publishing
Country of Publication: UK
Format: Hardback
Price: £95.00



Despatched in 6 to 8 days.

This text explores ways in which ideas from America could be used to improve the effectiveness of environmental laws in Britain and throughout Europe. Making environmental laws effective demands more than passage through the legislature and executive approval. Successful implementation of these laws requires wide public support and consistent enforcement. Environmental policies must adapt to the ways that technologies and industries are continually progressing.;Britain has traditionally used criminal law sanctions to enforce its environmental laws. America uses the criminal process more selectively but makes much more effective use of civil and administrative enforcement. America is developing highly operative approaches to pollution prevention.;The book also considers the political context in which environmental laws emerge and the implications for long-term public support of them. It examines ways in which the law-making processes in Britain and Europe effectively exclude public participation and offers suggestions for ways to change these processes. Furthermore, it considers the tension between science - the foundation for environmental policy - and public opinion.

Subjects:
Environmental Law
Contents:
Part 1 Introduction: why America?
part of the picture; civil litigation - a non-comparison; who gets to sue?; deferential courts; a constitutional mismatch; the changing United Kingdom; the influence of scale; summary of contents.
Part 2 Politics and environmental laws: Kyoto and climate change; the 104th Congress and the Republican contract with America; environmental groups' counter attack; Democrats and Republicans - the shaping of an election issue; the nature of the debate - and lobbyists v the public; citizens in action; appointments and enforcement; delegation and devolution; conclusions.
Part 3 The consent of the governed 1 - making the laws: the lawmaking process in the United Kingdom; Westminster legislation; the American ballot measure process; secondary legislation in England; negotiating European Community law; better law from Europe?; the national parliament and European Community legislation; the ""copy out"" debate; conclusions.
Part 4 The consent of the governed 2 - the public and science: science and public opinion; problems with risk assessment; dioxins; pesticides; food safety and the Delaney clause; genetically engineered crops; toxic substances and public access to information; conclusions.
Part 5 Common problems, common themes?: Russia's beleaguered environment; closer to home - the issue of environmental justice in America; the President's Executive Order on environmental justice of 1994; themes of the environmental justice movement; drinking of the Mississippi; lessons of the Mississippi; three issues for the future - development, traffic and global warming; conclusions.
Part 6 Use of the criminal law: the case for the criminal law; spare the rod? investigative capacity; unfamiliar tribunals; penalty lottery and some alternatives, Oregon and a revised approach to the criminal law; conclusions.
Part 7 Civil and administrative environmental law enforcement: the principle of enforcement - the European Community; federal enforcement - first principles; federal policy to settle civil cases and limit litigation where possible; federal civil penalties; supplemental environmental projects - ""SEP"", state enforcement - Oregon's civil enforcement process; conclusions.
Part 8 An end to pollution and waste?: deregulation v pollution prevention; pollution prevention in America; four federal programmes; other state pollution prevention initiatives; ""zero pollution, zero waste""; the environment and the American computer industry; conclusions.
Part 9 Keeping hope alive: the elect - nineteenth century confidence; the damned - late twentieth century doubts; the case for optimism; the need for hope.